After War era , From 1945 until now

      After 1945 until now .
      In 1948 It begined  era of soviet world chess champion until  end of the Soviet Union except American Bubby Fischer. By Russian Mikhail Botvinnik , winner of the 1948 of FIDE.
      This era new system was seted up by FIDE that The best player of Zonal tournament will played with other best player of another Zonal tournament,called Interzonal tournaments. The winner of interzonal tournament would gone to Candidates stage, the beginning stage of tournament. And the winner of Candidates stage will fight to the champion of FIDE.All of this cycle is three years.
     In 1948 - 1961 , Champion was Bontvinnik , except Vasily Smyslov in 1957 and Mikhail Tal in 1960.
     In 1963-1969 , Armenian Tigran Petrosian
     In 1969-1972 , Boris Spassky .
     In 1973-1975 ,  Bobby Fischer win the Match of the century.
     In 1975-1985 , Anatoly Karpov.
     In 1985-2000 , Garry Kasparov.In 1993 Kasparov broked with FiDE and built Professional Chess Association (PCA) so in world there were two champ. world championship and world champion.and reunified in 2006 by champ from PCA beat champ FIDE
     In 2000-2006 , Valdimir Kramnik
     In 2007-2009 , Viswanathan Anand
     In 2010, young Magnus Carlsen
    

Chess as sport

     During 1850-1946 , People strarted to play chess as sport. In 1851,The first chess tournament was held in London. And won by Adolf Anderson . Energetic attacking style or strategically shallow style of Anderson was considered as the brilliant leading chess master and the highest possible summit of the chess art.
     In that time there are two younger players who reached very deep in nature of chess , Amercan Paul Morphy and Cuba Jose Raul Capablanca.
     Morphy beated his more competitors in his career between 1857-1863 by using brilliant attack and startegy style .He was special in attacking style.
     Capablanca was chess prodigy who like to play in simple positions and endgame style.He against his competitors and undefeated from 1916 to 1924.
     During the world war there was revolutionized in chess theory by hypermodernists . This theory emphasis controlling center  of board by distant pieces such as bishop , knight, quen rather than pawn and try to appeal compettitor to occupy the center by his pawn that was object of attack
    At the end of 19th century , a lot of master tournament were held . First formally chess grandmaster was identified  by Tsar Nicholas ll of Russia .The World Chess Federation (FIDE) was founded in 1924,Followed by Women's World Chess Championship  in 1927 and first woman chessmaster of Women's World Chess Championship was Czech-English Vera Menchik.

    Other Toys & Games that can up your brain are puzzles

Beginning of Chess

Beginning of chess

We can arrange event of beginning of chess as below consequently :-
about 1200 shatranj's rule started to be changed in southern Europe.
In 1475 , main rule was changed in Italy and Spain. Pawn can move in two squares .As a result this game is known as chess.
End of the 10th century Vizier piece was replaced by Queen piece. Vizier is persian languange that mean the high-ranking political minister.
Before the 15th century,Queen had become the most powerful piece in game. New rule spread throughout western Europe. And started to write theory of chess game. The oldest chess book can be survived until now as Repeticion de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez ( Repetition of Love and the Art of Playing Chess) by Luis Ramirez de Lucena , Spanish churchman.
In the 18th century , center of European chess moved to France There are two most important French master , Francois-Andre and Louis-Charles , In the Future we will talk about them. Strangely, That time coffee houses were center of chess life.
In the early 19th century , Chess game is absolutely different from origin , chaturanj. Chess game by this new rule was known as western chess or international chess. Many chess clubs were established. Chess match between cities were held.
chess is one of Toys & Games. like other game , puzzle, legos sets. It improve your IQ and give you a pleasure.

Before chess.

Chess is a long history gameboard. It has developing in long time. In origin it wasn't called "chess" and playing's rule was different.

Chess is told to have originated in Gupta empire, North-West India , in the 6th century, called as caturanga which have four divisions (infantry,cavalry,elephant,chariotry that represented by pawn, knight,bishop,and rook respectively.) From that time it was spread into persian kingdom , and this caturanga was known in new name "chatrang". Later Persia was conquested by Islamic about 633-644 . Caturanga was known in new name again ,"Shatranj". Shatranj was called as ajedrez in Spanish, xadrez in Portugrese, zatrikion in Greek, and shan in the rest of Europe ,check is rendered as immediately capture the King, later check is sound like chess that is a name of game.

This game is spread into Europe by Muslim merchant who travel by sea. That was origin of chess game later.
It was believed this game reach Western Europe and Russia in three ways in 9th century. Spread throughout Europe before 1000.
In addition to , Some believed that chess was developed from chinese chess that called xiangqi.

Chess

Chess is a board game that more people like to play . Every age range or every gender used to play or used to see it. It is played on chessboard with 64 square arranged by 8 x 8 grid. Each side have 16 pieces that are consist of King , Queen , Rook , Knight , Bishop , Pawn. Someone who like playing chess can play from yesterday night to today night by not going to bed. It is amazing. Some old man told that Chess could teach lesson to life , how to solve problems that can adopt to solve life's problem .Chess add IQ. to human brain. Some chess grandmaster can play chess by unusing chessboard . They play with their opposite by using concentration and imagination of each chess position on board. Chess train player to have observation, memory.concentration,patient, strategy . All help player to be more clever. In the past the famous man often played chess . Perhap we can say Chess is king's game.

Although chess is one of Toys & Games in present but it have a long history, It's playing imitate fighting in a war field. Two side , opposite , try to win against side . Kill opposite side , conqueror more area . Fighting by intelligent brain.

Chess is human's heritage.